Art Labelling Activity Heart Escience Muscles of the Heart
Homo centre: Beefcake, function & facts
The homo heart is an organ that pumps blood throughout the body via the vessels of the circulatory system, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes.
"The tissues of the body need a abiding supply of diet in order to exist active," said Dr. Lawrence Phillips, a cardiologist at NYU Langone Medical Center in New York. "If [the heart] is not able to supply blood to the organs and tissues, they'll die."
The human heart is located in the center of the chest - slightly to the left of the sternum (breastbone). It sits between your lungs and is encased in a double-walled sac called the pericardium, according to the Texas Heart Institute. The pericardium serves to protect the center and anchor information technology inside the chest. Pericardial fluid acts as a lubricant between the outer layer, the parietal pericardium, and the inner layer, the serous pericardium. The fluid lubricates the heart during contractions and movements of the lungs and diaphragm.
Related: Centre of the Matter: vii Things to Know About Your Ticker
What does the human centre look like?
In humans, the centre is roughly the size of a large fist and weighs betwixt about 10 and 12 ounces (280 and 340 grams) in men, and between 8 and 10 ounces (230 and 280 grams) in women, co-ordinate to Henry Grey's "Anatomy of the Human Body."
The physiology of the heart basically comes down to "construction, electricity and plumbing," Phillips told Live Science.
The human heart has four chambers: two upper chambers (the atria) and two lower ones (the ventricles), according to the National Institutes of Health. The correct atrium and right ventricle together make up the "correct middle," and the left atrium and left ventricle make upward the "left eye." A wall of muscle called the septum separates the ii sides of the heart.
Related: Spaceflight and long-distance swimming compress the middle
The center's outer wall consists of 3 layers. The outermost wall layer, or epicardium, forms the inner wall of the pericardium. The middle layer, or myocardium, contains the muscle that contracts the middle. The inner layer, or endocardium, lines the center chambers, co-ordinate to the British Eye Foundation.
Connecting the upper and lower chambers of the heart are the atrioventricular (AV) valves — made up of the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve. The pulmonary semi-lunar valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery, and the aortic valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta. The heartstrings, or chordae tendinae, ballast the valves to heart muscles.
How does the human heart work?
The middle circulates claret through two pathways: the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit.
In the pulmonary circuit, deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle of the eye via the pulmonary artery and travels to the lungs; then the oxygenated blood returns through the pulmonary vein to the left atrium of the eye, co-ordinate to the journal Biomedical Sciences.
In the systemic circuit, oxygenated blood leaves the center and travels through the left ventricle to the aorta, and from in that location enters the arteries and capillaries where information technology supplies the body'south tissues with oxygen. Deoxygenated blood returns through veins to the venae cavae, re-entering the eye's right atrium.
Of course, the heart is also a musculus, so it needs a fresh supply of oxygen and nutrients, likewise, Phillips said.
"After the blood leaves the centre through the aortic valve, two sets of arteries bring oxygenated blood to feed the centre muscle," he said. The left main coronary artery, on one side of the aorta, branches into the left inductive descending artery and the left circumflex artery. The right coronary artery branches out on the right side of the aorta.
Blockage of any of these arteries can crusade a centre attack, or damage to the heart musculus, Phillips said. A middle attack is distinct from cardiac arrest, which is a sudden loss of heart role that usually occurs equally a result of electrical disturbances of the middle rhythm. A centre attack can lead to cardiac arrest, but the latter tin can also be acquired by other problems, he said.
Related: Exercise other animals get heart attacks?
The heart contains electrical "pacemaker" cells, which cause information technology to contract — producing a heartbeat.
"Each cell has the ability to be the 'band leader' and [to] have everyone follow," Phillips said. In people with an irregular heartbeat, or atrial fibrillation, every cell tries to exist the band leader, he said, which causes them to trounce out of sync with one some other.
A healthy center contraction happens in five stages. In the first stage (early diastole), the heart is relaxed. Then the atrium contracts (atrial systole) to push blood into the ventricle. Adjacent, the ventricles first contracting without changing volume. So the ventricles continue contracting while empty. Finally, the ventricles stop contracting and relax. Then the cycle repeats. Valves prevent backflow, keeping the blood flowing in i direction through the heart.
By the end of the 24-hour interval, your heart will have beaten around 100,000 times (effectually threescore to 80 beats per minute). This will pump around ane.5 gallons (effectually half dozen.8 liters) of blood per infinitesimal through the 60,000 miles (around 97,000 kilometers) of blood vessels that are in the human trunk, according to the Cleveland Dispensary.
Tin humans get heartworm?
Heartworm is a disease that affects pets - predominantly dogs - resulting in middle failure and organ damage, co-ordinate to the U.S. Nutrient and Drug Administration (FDA). The disease is caused past a parasitic worm - called Dirofilaria immitis - which enters the pet's body from an infected mosquito bite. Humans, however, are non a natural host for the parasites - the heartworm larvae oftentimes die before reaching machismo - therefore cases in people are very rare. A review published in 2005 in the periodical Veterinarian Parasitology found that betwixt 1941 and 2005, there had been 81 reported cases of heartworm in humans.
Additional resources
- The National Institutes of Health has information nearly heart and vascular diseases.
- The American Centre Association has tips nearly how to go along your heart healthy.
This article was updated on October. 22, 2021 by Live Science staff writer Scott Dutfield.
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Source: https://www.livescience.com/34655-human-heart.html
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